Types of Heating Oil: A Guide to Choosing the Right Fuel

Heating oil is a widely used fuel for residential and commercial heating systems, especially in colder regions. It powers furnaces, boilers, and water heaters, providing a reliable source of warmth during the winter months. However, not all heating oils are the same. Several types of heating oil exist, each with its own characteristics, benefits, and suitable applications. Understanding the differences can help homeowners and businesses choose the most efficient and cost-effective option.

1. No. 2 Heating Oil (Standard Home Heating Oil)

No. 2 heating oil is the most commonly used type for residential heating. It is a distillate fuel, closely related to diesel, and has a high energy content, which makes it an efficient choice for heating homes. This oil is typically delivered by truck and stored in a tank on the property. It is dyed red to indicate that it is untaxed and meant for heating purposes only.

No. 2 heating oil burns cleanly and provides consistent heat output. It is used in both forced-air furnaces and boilers, making it a dependable fuel for households across the United States and other cold-weather regions.

2. No. 1 Heating Oil (Kerosene)

No. 1 heating oil, more commonly known as kerosene, is a lighter and more refined version of heating oil. It has a lower viscosity and a lower freezing point than No. 2 oil, which makes it suitable for outdoor storage tanks and use in extremely cold climates. Kerosene is also less likely to gel in freezing temperatures, allowing it to flow smoothly and burn efficiently even during harsh winters.

Because of its clean-burning properties, kerosene is used in portable heaters, mobile homes, and older heating systems that cannot handle heavier fuels.

3. Bioheat (Biodiesel Blended Heating Oil)

Bioheat is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional heating oil. It is made by blending standard No. 2 heating oil with biodieselrenewable fuel derived from sources such as soybean oil, recycled cooking grease, and animal fats. The blend percentages vary, commonly ranging from B5 (5% biodiesel) to B20 (20% biodiesel) and higher.

Bioheat offers several advantages: it burns cleaner, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and improves the efficiency and lifespan of heating equipment. Best of all, it can be used in existing oil heating systems without requiring modifications. As sustainability becomes more important, Bioheat continues to grow in popularity.

4. No. 4 and No. 6 Heating Oils (Industrial Use)

No. 4 and No. 6 heating oils are heavier, less refined fuels primarily used in industrial and large commercial applications.

• No. 4 oil is a blend of No. 2 and No. 6 oil, offering a balance between efficiency and cost.

• No. 6 oil, also known as bunker fuel, is very thick and must be heated before use. It is used in power plants, factories, and ships.

Due to their high sulfur content and environmental impact, the use of these oils is decreasing and often restricted by regulations.

Conclusion

Choosing the right type of heating oil depends on your location, heating system, storage capacity, and environmental priorities. Whether its standard No. 2 heating oil, kerosene for extreme cold, or the eco-conscious Bioheat, understanding your options ensures efficient, safe, and cost-effective heating throughout the year.